The author gets human creativity to bridge phenomenology and metaphysics. He examines closely the poetical principle of Edgar Allan Poe and considers the artwork as a phenomenon appealing to the metaphysical beauty. He also considers the problem of free-dom in phenomenological and metaphysical aspects of creativity. To harmonize the freedom and phenomenology the author offers to differentiate two kinds of intentionality: “intentionality to” and “intentionality from”. The first is reducible to the purposefulness of events and refers to the constitutive function (...) of consciousness, the latter implies the human creativity and freedom as an act of differentiation of phenomenon from its previous limits. The incipient point of the second form of intentionality seems to be a metaphysical object, which is worth considering as an inexhaustible source of the world of phenomena.El autor considera la creatividad humana pare tender un puente entre fenomenología y metafísica. Examina de cerca el principio poético de Edgar Allan Poe y considera la obra de arte como un fenómeno que apela a la belleza metafísica. Considera el problema de la libertad en relación a los aspectos fenomenológicos y metafísicos de la creatividad. Para armonizar la libertad y la fenomenología, el autor propone diferenciar dos tipos de intencionalidad: “intencionalidad a” y “intencionalidad de ”. La primera es reducible a la intencionalidad de los hechos y se refiere a la función constitutiva de la conciencia; la segunda implica la creatividad humana y la libertad como un acto de diferenciación del fenómeno de sus límites anteriores. El punto de partida de la segunda forma de intencionalidad parece ser un objeto metafísico, el cual merece la pena considerar como una inagotable fuente del mundo de los fenómenos. (shrink)

A device with four points is preserved in the arms repository of the Georgian National Museum which, despite its small size, played a fairly large role in classical and medieval warfare. The iron item, called tribolos, is done elaborately, in the form of four welded arrowheads. The tribolos consisted of four sharp points of equal length, one point of which always projected upward no matter how it fell on the ground, creating a hazard to humans and animals. Caltrops were a (...) kind of 'landmine' of the ancient world. Caltrops were first mentioned in the Classical period. Nevertheless, they turned into real military weapons only in Byzantine times. Their systematic and wide use by the Byzantines is noticeable. Caltrops held a significant place in Byzantine warfare. For its part, the caltrop discovered in Lechkhumi warrants the assumption that this specimen of Byzantine armament was known in Georgia and was perhaps actively used in battle. (shrink)

This essay examines the becoming-one of man and God in the thought of Meister Eckhart and G. W. F. Hegel. It holds that the seemingly moral category of love is elevated to the onto-gnoseological dimension of the One itself in its fullness. In this very work which is love and at the same time is God Himself, God loves all things not as created, but rather inasmuch as they are created in God. This absolute process of becoming is brought to (...) perfection when empirical space and time are overcome – a transcendence expressed by Eckhart as the ‹nun› of eternal presence. (shrink)

A class of toposes is introduced and studied, suitable for semantical analysis of an extension of the Heyting predicate calculus admitting Gödel's provability interpretation.

We prove that if a modal formula is refuted on a wK4-algebra ( B ,□), then it is refuted on a finite wK4-algebra which is isomorphic to a subalgebra of a relativization of ( B ,□). As an immediate consequence, we obtain that each subframe and cofinal subframe logic over wK4 has the finite model property. On the one hand, this provides a purely algebraic proof of the results of Fine and Zakharyaschev for K4 . On the other hand, it (...) extends the Fine-Zakharyaschev results to wK4. (shrink)

Journal of Mathematical Logic, Volume 22, Issue 03, December 2022. In this paper, we show that there exist (continuum many) varieties of bi-Heyting algebras that are not generated by their complete members. It follows that there exist (continuum many) extensions of the Heyting–Brouwer logic [math] that are topologically incomplete. This result provides further insight into the long-standing open problem of Kuznetsov by yielding a negative solution of the reformulation of the problem from extensions of [math] to extensions of [math].

We establish the dichotomy property for stable canonical multi-conclusion rules for IPC, K4, and S4. This yields an alternative proof of existence of explicit bases of admissible rules for these logics.